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PV controller hardware structure The hardware structure of the photovoltaic controller is shown in Figure 1. The controller uses AVR mega32 microprocessor as the control core. The peripheral circuits are mainly composed of battery voltage and ambient temperature detection and charge and discharge control circuit, solar cell voltage detection and group switching circuit, Load current […]
Working principle of photovoltaic controller The output characteristic curve of the solar cell is shown in Figure 1. The volt-ampere characteristic of the solar cell has a strong nonlinearity, that is, when the sunlight intensity changes, its open circuit voltage will not change much, but the maximum current generated will There is considerable variation, so […]
There are two types of VRLA batteries: one is VRLA battery using ultra-fine glass fiber membrane (AGM); the other is VRLA battery using colloidal electrolyte (GFL) (abbreviated as GFL-VRLA battery). They all use the principle of cathode absorption to seal the lead-acid battery. Therefore, there must be about 10% of the diaphragm gap in the […]
Colloidal lead-acid battery Lead-acid batteries have been the most widely used chemical power sources in military and civilian fields since their inception to the present. Since it uses sulfuric acid electrolyte, acid will flow out during transportation, and acid mist will be precipitated during charging, which will cause damage to the environment and equipment. People […]
Discharge characteristics VRLA batteries are subject to capacity test before leaving the factory. According to YD / t799-1996 standard, the steps of capacity test are as follows: (1) First, fully charge the tested VRLA battery. (2) Leave the VRLA battery under test for 1 ~ 24h to make the surface temperature of the battery reach […]
Because VRLA battery has the advantages of low price, stable voltage and no pollution, it has been widely used in communication, electric power, transportation, photovoltaic power generation and other fields in recent years. However, recently, many users have reported that VRLA batteries that should have worked for 10 ~ 15 years are mostly damaged within […]
In the mid-19th century, the advent of lead-acid batteries solved the problem of random power consumption of some electrical equipment. But after more than 100 years of development, its working principle has basically not changed. The chemical equation of its normal charge and discharge is:PbO2+2H2SO4+Pb↔2PbSO4+2H2O The above normal charge and discharge chemical equations are idealized […]
1) The capacity of the batteryThe amount of electricity that the battery can give under certain discharge conditions is called the capacity of the battery, which is commonly expressed as C. However, when a battery is used as a power source, since its terminal voltage is a variable value, it is more accurate to use […]
For the types of batteries, as far as the mainstream products on the market are concerned, there are four types of batteries: lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries, nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries and lithium ion (Liion) batteries. The battery can be used repeatedly, which is in line with the principle of economy and practicality. This […]
Two key issues in developing solar cells are: improving conversion efficiency and reducing cost. Due to the low cost and easy mass production of amorphous silicon thin film solar cells, they have been widely paid attention to and developed rapidly. As early as the early 1970s, Carlson et al. started the research and development of […]